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The Relationship of Reported Pain Severity to Perceived Effect on Function of Nursing Home Residents

Schools of ¹ Nursing and ² Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
³ Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California.
⁴ Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, California.
⁵ UCLA Borun Center for Gerontological Research, Los Angeles, California.

Address correspondence to Mary P. Cadogan, DrPH, RN, GNP-BC, UCLA School of Nursing, Factor 5-952, Box 956919, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6919. E-mail: mcadogan{at}sonnet.ucla.edu

Background. We examined whether questions addressing the effect of pain on day-to-day function add unique information to the standardized verbal descriptor scale for pain severity in nursing homes (NHs).

Methods. Interviews were conducted with 123 residents in two Veterans Affairs NHs. All participants were asked about pain presence. Residents reporting pain were asked about severity of worst pain (mild, moderate, severe, very severe/horrible), degree of bother (not at all, a little, a moderate amount, a great deal), and the effect of pain on daily function (whether pain made it hard to "sleep," "get out of bed," or "spend time with other people" and whether activities were limited because of pain).

Results. Fifty-one percent of participants reported pain. The correlation between pain severity report and overall count of activity interference was significant (Spearman's rho =.449, p =.001). In general, for each activity, the proportion reporting interference increased as severity increased. Fischer's exact test showed significant association only for "hard to get out of bed" (p =.0175) and "hard to sleep" (p =.0211). As expected, residents reporting "mild" pain reported less activity interference than those reporting "very severe" pain. The association between pain and activity interference was more variable and less predictable among residents with "moderate" or "severe" pain.

Conclusion. Questions addressing the effect of pain on day-to-day functions are an important addition to standardized pain assessments, particularly for persons who report intermediate levels of pain severity because the perceived effect on daily function may vary most among individuals at these levels.

Key Words: Pain • Nursing home • Activity limitation

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