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Health Care Use at the End of Life Among Older Adults: Does It Vary by Age?

¹ Department of Community Health Sciences and ² Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Address correspondence to Verena Menec, PhD, University of Manitoba, Community Health Sciences, 750 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3 Canada. E-mail: menec{at}cc.umanitoba.ca

Background. Issues around end-of-life health care have attracted increasing attention in the last decade. One question that has arisen is whether very elderly individuals receive overly aggressive treatment at the end of life. The purpose of this study was to address this issue by examining whether health care use at the end life varies by age.

Methods. The study included all adults 65 years old or older who died in Manitoba, Canada in 2000 (N = 7678). Measures were derived from administrative data files and included location of death, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, long-term care (LTC) use, physician visits, and prescription drug use in the last 30 days versus 180 days before death, respectively.

Results. Individuals 85 years old or older had increased odds of being in a LTC institution and also dying there than did individuals 65–74 years old. They had, correspondingly, lower odds of being hospitalized and being admitted to an ICU. Although some statistically significant age differences emerged for physician visits, the effects were small. Prescription drug use did not vary by age.

Conclusions. These findings indicate that very elderly individuals tended to receive care within LTC settings, with care that might be considered aggressive declining with increasing age. However, health care use among all age groups was substantial. A critical issue that needs to be examined in future research is how to ensure quality end-of-life care in a variety of clinical contexts and care settings for individuals of all ages.

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