Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, Vol 53, Issue 2 M92-101, Copyright © 1998 by The Gerontological Society of America

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Clinical detection of depression among community-based elderly people with self-reported symptoms of depression

J Garrard, SJ Rolnick, NM Nitz, L Luepke, J Jackson, LR Fischer, C Leibson, PC Bland, R Heinrich and LA Waller
Institute of Health Services Research, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. jgarrard@maroon.tc.umn.edu

BACKGROUND: Depression is under-diagnosed and under-treated in the primary care sector. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between self-reported indications of depression by community-dwelling elderly enrollees in a managed care organization and clinical detection of depression by primary care clinicians. METHODS: This was a 2-year cohort study of elderly people (n = 3410) who responded to the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) at the midpoint of the study period. A broad measure of clinical detection was used consisting of one or more of three indicators: diagnosis of depression, visit to a mental health specialist, or antidepressant medication treatment. RESULTS: Approximately half of the community-based elderly people with self-reported indications of depression (GDS > or = 11) did not have documentation of clinical detection of depression by health providers. Physician recognition of depression tended to increase with the severity of enrollees' self-reported feelings of depression. Men 65- 74 years old and those > or = 85 years old were at highest risk for under-detection of depression by primary care providers. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical detection of depression of elderly people living in the community continues to be a problem. The implications of failure to recognize the possibility of depression among elderly White men suggest a serious public health problem.

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